Motivic Milnor fibre for nondegenerate function germs on toric singularities

We study function germs on toric varieties which are nondegenerate for their Newton diagram. We express their motivic Milnor fibre in terms of their Newton diagram. We extend a formula for the motivic nearby fibre to the case of a toroidal degeneration. We illustrate this by some examples.Comment: 14 page

Culture, Community, and Class in the Bavarian Marriage Process, 1789-1849: Leonhard Büttner, Margaretha Weiss, and Their Illegitimate Children

The marriage process for the poor in nineteenth-century Bavaria involved a delicate interplay between cultural bias, economic constraint, the prejudice of social rank, and the will to power in the peasant community by those who controlled marriage. This study follows Leonhard Büttner and his fiancée, Margaretha Weiss. Leonhard was a day laborer who had few marriage options due to his poverty and low social status. The insanity of Margaretha\u27s father restricted her marriage choices. Cultural, financial, and legal limits prevented the couple from marrying, and they chose to have children out of wedlock in 1812 and 1816. The dating traditions of the time allowed pre-nuptial sex by those who were serious about marriage and many brides of the day were pregnant at the marriage altar. Bavaria had high monetary requirements for marriage that made the bond inaccessible to the poor. As a result, illegitimate children were common. The situation led many in poverty to develop a subculture tolerant of bastardy. In the opening decades of the nineteenth century, the changing legal environment led the king of Bavaria to decriminalize fornication and establish a new civil law code with the intent to treat everyone equally. The practitioners of the civil order denied the local communities their traditional right to approve marriages. Instead, new civil judges reviewed and granted marriage rights. In 1816, Leonhard Büttner applied to the new civil judge for permission to marry his fiancée, Margaretha Weiss, but the court became distracted for two years as it searched for evidence of Leonhard\u27s draft status. In 1818, the king of Bavaria restored the right of the communities to approve all marriages; then, after a town gave sanction to a couple, marriage cases were passed on to the civil judges for their final ruling. In 1821, after Margaretha Weiss\u27 parents died, Margaretha received her dowry, which was enough to meet the monetary requirements for marriage. Leonhard and Margaretha applied to marry again, but were denied, as no community would give Leonhard rights of residency. The pastor of the local Lutheran church intervened and persuaded the town council to allow the marriage. In the final assessment, a pre-class tradition of hate outweighed economic concerns or cultural tradition as the factor most influential in the Bavarian marriage process

Mathematical model for determining the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues using indentation tests

grants projects TG01010117 – PROSYKO and SGS Technical University of Liberec

Scattering Experiments with Microwave Billiards at an Exceptional Point under Broken Time Reversal Invariance

Scattering experiments with microwave cavities were performed and the effects of broken time-reversal invariance (TRI), induced by means of a magnetized ferrite placed inside the cavity, on an isolated doublet of nearly degenerate resonances were investigated. All elements of the effective Hamiltonian of this two-level system were extracted. As a function of two experimental parameters, the doublet and also the associated eigenvectors could be tuned to coalesce at a so-called exceptional point (EP). The behavior of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors when encircling the EP in parameter space was studied, including the geometric amplitude that builds up in the case of broken TRI. A one-dimensional subspace of parameters was found where the differences of the eigenvalues are either real or purely imaginary. There, the Hamiltonians were found PT-invariant under the combined operation of parity (P) and time reversal (T) in a generalized sense. The EP is the point of transition between both regions. There a spontaneous breaking of PT occurs

Impact of Patterning Technique on the Long Term Stability of Ag Thin Films

AbstractWith rising demand for high power electronics, the need for metallization systems with enhanced electromigration resistance increases rapidly. The long term stability of sputter deposited silver thin films is investigated with samples patterned either by wet chemical etching or by a lift-off process. Five conductor lines connected in parallel are stressed simultaneously by high temperatures and current densities. Whereas the activation energy is similar for both structures due to the same material system, the mean time to failure differs substantially because of a porous edge morphology occurring only at wet etched structures. Therefore, the current distribution is inhomogeneous thus, resulting in a significant faster failure of single conductor lines

Line Lists for LiF and LiCl in the X1Σ+ Ground State

Vibration–rotation line lists for 6LiF, 7LiF, 6Li35Cl, 6Li37Cl, 7Li35Cl, and 7Li37Cl in the X1Σ+ ground states have been prepared. The rovibrational energy levels have been calculated using potential energy surfaces determined by direct potential-fitting employing the rotational and rovibrational transition frequencies of all isotopologues, and required the inclusion of Born–Oppenheimer breakdown terms. Dipole moment functions calculated ab initio at the MRCI/aug-cc-pwCV5Z level have been used for line strength calculations. Partition functions for temperatures up to 5000 K have been calculated. LiF and LiCl are predicted to be present in the atmospheres of hot rocky exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and cool stars

Development of Muon Drift-Tube Detectors for High-Luminosity Upgrades of the Large Hadron Collider

The muon detectors of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have to cope with unprecedentedly high neutron and gamma ray background rates. In the forward regions of the muon spectrometer of the ATLAS detector, for instance, counting rates of 1.7 kHz/square cm are reached at the LHC design luminosity. For high-luminosity upgrades of the LHC, up to 10 times higher background rates are expected which require replacement of the muon chambers in the critical detector regions. Tests at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility showed that drift-tube detectors with 15 mm diameter aluminum tubes operated with Ar:CO2 (93:7) gas at 3 bar and a maximum drift time of about 200 ns provide efficient and high-resolution muon tracking up to the highest expected rates. For 15 mm tube diameter, space charge effects deteriorating the spatial resolution at high rates are strongly suppressed. The sense wires have to be positioned in the chamber with an accuracy of better than 50 ?micons in order to achieve the desired spatial resolution of a chamber of 50 ?microns up to the highest rates. We report about the design, construction and test of prototype detectors which fulfill these requirements

Spectroscopic Constants and Line Positions for TiO Singlet States

consistent set of spectroscopic constants for the a1Δ,d1Σ+,b1Π,c1Φ, and f1Δ states of 48Ti16O has been determined from analysis of the b1Π–a1Δ,b1Π–d1Σ+,c1Φ–a1Δ, and f1Δ–a1Δ systems. Three Fourier transform emission spectra have been used for the analysis. New bands of the b1Π–a1Δ and c1Φ–a1Δ systems have been fitted. The first analysis of the c1Φ–a1Δ system using Fourier transform spectra is also provided. Extensive and improved line positions are measured. TiO is prominent in the spectra of oxygen-rich cool stellar objects and may be present in hot-Jupiter exoplanet atmospheres